Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to identify and evaluate the potential impacts of development and projects on the environmental system.It is an useful aid for decision making based on understanding of the environment implications including social, cultural and aesthetic concerns which could be integrated with the analysis of the project costs and benefits.This exercise should be undertaken early enough in the planning stage of projects for selection of environmentally compatible sites,process technologies and such other environmental safeguards.
Those which can significantly alter the landscape,land use pattern and lead to concentration of working and service population.Those which need upstream development activity like assured mineral and forest products supply or downstream industrial process development.Those involving manufacture,handling and use of hazardous materials. Those which are sited near ecologically sensitive areas,urban centers, hill resorts,places of scientific and religious importance. Industrial Estates with constituent units of various types which could cumulatively cause significant environmental damage.
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) should be prepared on the basis of the existing background pollution levels vis-a-vis contributions of pollutants from the proposed plant.The EIA should address some of the basic factors are Meteorology and air quality,Ambient levels of pollutants, Hydrology and water quality, Site and its surroundings, Occupational safety and health, Details of the treatment and disposal of effluents(liquid,air and solid) and the methods of alternative uses, Transportation of raw material and details of material handling, Control equipment and measures proposed to be adopted.
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